The mechanism of spontaneous treatment is represented by the stem cells of the basal layer of the epidermis, which divide mitotically multiple times. Changes are reversible, healing occurs spontaneously after a few days. Furthermore, there is increased skin sensitivity and pain, as there is a reaction of macrophages at the burn site, which produce cytokines, which stimulate nociceptors after penetrating the dermis. It is manifested by redness and swelling, blisters do not form. The area of the palm with closed fingers roughly determines 1% of the body surface' - we use the assessment for minor injuries it's always the surface of the patient's palm First degree burns (redness – erythema) In more severe cases, burn disease develops, which threatens the patient's life initially with burn shock' and later with sepsis. In children, it is most often skin damage caused by heat. 3 Definition of severe burn in childrenīurn injury is damage to the skin caused by heat (scalding, contact with a heat source or fire), chemicals, electric current or radiation.1.2 Second degree burns - superficial (IIa blister - bula).1.1 First degree burns (redness – erythema).Fourth degree burns can be life-threatening and survivors are often left with serious disability and disfigurement. Fourth degree burn affect all three layers of skin and structures below the skin, such as bone and muscle. Burns are classified as to the extent that they affect the layers of skin. The skin is divided into three layers, the epidermis, the dermis and the hypodermis (subcutaneous) layers. Fourth degree burns can be life-threatening and may require amputation due to the severe nature of fourth degree burn injuries.Īn understanding of the structure of the skin is necessary to understand how burn injuries are classified. Fourth degree burns often result in permanent disability and may require lengthy rehabilitation. These burns always require surgery or grafting to close the wounds. They may occur from prolonged exposure to flame or electrical injury. These burns are not painful, owing to destruction of nerve endings. These burns may result from prolonged exposure to flame, chemicals, electricity, scalding liquids or steam.įourth degree burns (full thickness burns) affect all layers of the skin and also structures below the skin, such as tendons, bone, ligaments and muscles. These burns are severe and always require skin grafting as they result in the destruction of skin cells. Third degree burns (full thickness burns) affect all layers of the skin. Second degree burns can result from exposure to hot or scalding fluids or from flash and flame injuries. They may sometimes require skin grafting if they extend deep into the dermis. These burns require longer periods of time to heal and may result in permanent scarring. Second degree burns (partial thickness burns) affect both the epidermis and portions of the dermis. First degree burns can occur as a result of exposure to the sun (sunburn) or exposure to hot liquids. First degree burns are rarely serious and heal by themselves within days. The subcutaneous layer controls both the temperature of the skin itself and the body�s temperature.įirst degree burns (superficial burns) affect only the epidermis, causing redness and discomfort. This layer varies in size from person to person. In this layer are also large blood vessels and nerves. Subcutaneous tissue contains a layer of fat and connective tissue. The innermost layer of skin, lying under the epidermis, is called the subcutaneous layer or hypodermis. Hair follicles, oil glands and sweat glands are all found in the dermis, as are numerous blood vessels and nerves which transmit the sensations of pressure and touch. The dermis is home to many specialized cells and structures. These tissues are not arranged in layers, but are present in all layers of the skin. The dermis is composed of three types of tissue, collagen, elastic tissue and reticular fibres. Under the epidermis is the dermis, the middle layer of your skin. For example, melanocytes produce pigment that gives your skin its color. Specialized cells in the epidermis perform unique functions. It is very thin over your eyelids and is thickest on the palms of your hands. Your skin also gathers sensory information, which helps you to differentiate many sensations such as pain, temperature, and pressure. It also helps you to regulate your body temperature. Your skin protects you against infection. Its function is to provide a protective barrier against the environment. To understand fourth degree burns, some understanding of the structure and function of skin is needed. Fourth degree burn are the most serious burns that can be experienced.
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